In 1983 psychologist Howard Gardner argued that intelligence is not one thing. He proposed several separate kinds of "smart", and the idea became hugely popular in schools.
The eight intelligences
- Linguistic: words, writing, speaking.
- Logical-mathematical: patterns, numbers, reasoning.
- Spatial: shapes, maps, mental pictures.
- Musical: rhythm, pitch, sound.
- Bodily-kinesthetic: movement and physical skill.
- Interpersonal: understanding other people.
- Intrapersonal: understanding yourself.
- Naturalistic: noticing and classifying the natural world.
What scientists think
Many researchers like the idea that people have different strengths, but they point out that tests of mental abilities tend to correlate with each other, which supports a general factor behind them. They also argue that some of Gardner's categories look more like talents or skills than separate intelligences. The theory remains influential in education but is not widely accepted as a replacement for the standard model.
The practical value
Even if you doubt the science, the idea is useful. It reminds us that people are good at different things, that "not good at maths" does not mean "not smart", and that learning sticks better when you use more than one route: draw it, say it, build it, teach it.
Using it well
Notice which activities make you lose track of time. Use your strong areas as a way into subjects you find hard. Do not treat any profile as a box you must stay inside.
Brain Club includes a Multiple Intelligences profile test and more in the test library.